IT IS A CANOPY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ORIGINALLY DEVELOPED IN AUSTRALIA AND ADOPTED IN SEVERAL WARM, IRRIGATED GRAPE REGIONS, SUCH AS USA OR SOUTH AFRICA.

IT IS BASED ON VINE SELF-REGULATION, WHICH WILL DEPEND ON THE VARIETY AND BOTH ENVIRONMENTAL AND CULTURAL CONDITIONS.

THERE ARE TWO MAIN ALTERNATIVES: TRAIN A CORDON AND AVOID ANY PRUNING OR MINIMAL MECHANICAL PRUNING AT THE SAME LEAF LEVEL.

THESE VINES PRODUCE MORE BUT SMALLER SHOOTS. THE NUMBER OF BUNCHES INCREASES BUT THESE ARE SMALLER. THE PRODUCTION IS HIGH BUT IT PRODUCES WELL-BALANCED WINES, WHEN USED IN APPROPIATE CLIMATES.